Introduction. A number of studies have found a reduction in the risk of rehospitalization during cardiorehabilitation after heart surgery. The purpose of the training program for cardiorehabilitation after cardiac surgery is to optimize energy supply systems. Depending on the intensity and duration of the load being performed, energy supply systems 'switch on' in the body.
Purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of the optimal cardiorehabilitation training program on the aerobic energy supply system in cardiac surgery patients.
Materials and methods. In our study, we examined 47 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass, with an EC duration of 52±20.5 minutes. The patients were divided into two groups: the control group (n=23), who underwent a course of cardiorehabilitation on exercise bikes with constant aerobic training of moderate and medium intensity, at the age of 50.2±3.4 years, and the main group (n=24) – with a course of cardiorehabilitation on exercise bikes with aerobic high-intensity interval physical training, at the age of 51.2±2.8 years (p>0.05). Gender was not taken into account. Anaerobic training was carried out on SCHILLER exercise bikes from day 14 after aortic valve replacement. The load power ranged from 25 to 70–95 watts. Before cardiac rehabilitation, the level of lactate, glucose, pH, pCO2, pO2, BE, lipid profile, BNP in the blood before and after ergometric exercise, data on external respiration, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed. After the course of rehabilitation, the above parameters were evaluated. The duration of the course was 2 weeks. Results. When evaluating the indicators at the end of the course of cardiorehabilitation was being done, a significant decrease in the controlled parameters after training was observed in both groups, and largely in the group of high-intensity interval physical training than in the group of constant training of medium intensity.
Conclusions. Analysis of the results showed that properly selected parameters of high-intensity interval training could optimize anaerobic glycolysis in patients undergoing operations under cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as increase the functionality of patients. As more and more repetitions of the load are performed, interval training becomes more and more aerobic.
The article presents the results of the use of a new improved method of cytologic diagnostics of cancer in a breast cyst by applying hybrid technologies. By using our new created method with the application of ozone-oxygen mixture, unlike the traditional method of fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast cysts with a solid parietal component, the probability of obtaining unaltered atypical cells in the punctate in the presence of malignization increases, thereby promoting the informativeness and sensitivity of this diagnostic method.
Introduction. The article presents an overview of novel complex algorithm based on methods of ultrasound steatometry, combined elastography and dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry in “Whole body” mode in diagnostic and monitoring of metabolically associated fatty liver disease.
The purpose of the study: to assess the possibility of quantitative ultrasound steatometry using in the detection and monitoring of metabolically associated fatty liver disease.
Material and methods. 157 patients were examined. The main group consisted of 47 patients with liver steatosis; 45 patients with steatohepatitis and clinically insignificant liver fibrosis (F0-F1); 32 patients with steatohepatitis and clinically significant liver fibrosis (F2-F3); 33 patients with focal hepatic steatosis. We used complex algorithm based on methods of questionnaires, laboratory tests, ultrasound steatometry, combined elastography and dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry in “Whole body” mode, liver biopsy. to determine the severity of steatosis, a scale was used: S0 – no steatosis; 2.9 dB/cm.
Results and conclusion. It is possible to use quantitative ultrasound steatometry for metabolically associated fatty liver disease, as a reference method both for the initial detection of the disease and for monitoring non-drug treatment (sensitivity 90.7%, specificity 92.4%). The optimal complex for the diagnosis and monitoring of non-drug treatment of metabolically associated fatty liver disease includes an assessment of the level of compliance, the use of quantitative ultrasound steatometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the «Whole body» mode (sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 92.3%).
Introduction. X-ray microtomography is a non-destructive method of microstructural analysis, which has a high level of detail and allows the possibility of assessing the internal architecture of organs and tissues using 3D-analysis[1]. The specifics of working with such equipment can be divided into in vivo and in vitro, i.e. working with live laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits) under anesthesia or studying organs and tissues separated from the animal [2].
The aim of the work was to study the microstructure of sheep bone tissues in normal and simulated osteoporosis using computed microtomography.
Materials and methods. We performed microCT analysis of different sheep bones in normal and experimental osteoporosis. Bone tissue of the jaw, iliac and femur, and teeth were collected from control and experimental animals. Bone tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. X-ray microCT scanner Skyscan 1176 (BrukermicroCT, Belgium) and software Skyscan 1176 control program (10.0.0.0), Nrecon (1.7.4.2), DataViewer (1.5.6.2), CT-analyser (1.18.4.0), CTvox (3.3.0r1403) were used to scan and process materials.
Results. MicroCT examination and 3D-imaging confirmed the elimination of trabeculae in the metaphyseal region of the femur in sheep with experimental osteoporosis from the centre to the periphery; in addition, 3D-analysis showed a 15.1% decrease in bone percentage, a 7.8% decrease in bone mineral density, and an increase in Tb. Sp. (trabecular separation), Tb. Pf. (trabecular pattern factor) and SMI (structure model index) by 30.2%, 20.8% and 23.6%, respectively, and a decrease in Tb.N. (trabecular number) index by 18.6%, indicating calcium washout, decreased trabecular connectivity and a transition from a lamellar to a rod-like architecture. Similar changes were found in the 3D-analysis of the jaw bone tissue. Thus, a decrease of 18.9% in mineral density was found, as well as a significant increase of 11.58 and 2.21 in the indices, particularly Tb. Pf. and SMI. 3D-analysis of iliac microtomography also indicates a simulation of osteoporosis, as evidenced by a significant increase in the main indices characterising the development of this pathology.
Conclusions. The obtained results not only objectively testify to the development of osteoporosis in the experimental animals, but also indicate signs of the adaptation-compensatory reactions of the body, characterized by appearance of large single trabeculae in the metaphysis of the femur as well as by not expressed reduction of bone mineral density and bone tissue area.
The purpose of the study: to trace the development of methods of bone implants for the replacement of jawbone defects: from ceramic and polymeric scaffolds to complex tissue-engineered structures with stem cells, growth factors and vascular anastomoses based on literature data.
Materials and methods: searching, systematization and analysis of scientific data on various types of 3D-printed bone implants and their effectiveness in replacing bone defects.
Conclusions: Modern technologies of 3D-printing, cell and tissue engineering, microvascular surgical techniques closely approach scientists and clinicians to creation of an artificial bone implant which in the body must become a living structure capable of integrating with the patient’s bone. Only complex approach which includes reconstruction of the implant of individual shape and sufficient mechanical strength, giving of osteoinductive and osteogenic properties, providing of internal axial and external angiogenesis is the basis for such tissue-engineered construction.
